PCOS diagnosis: how it works, and why it takes so long
Updated
In short
PCOS is diagnosed when you have 2 of these 3 criteria: irregular cycles, signs or high levels of androgens, and polycystic-looking ovaries (or a high AMH), once other causes are ruled out. One woman in three waits more than 2 years for an answer: coming prepared helps a lot.
The 3 criteria
- Irregular or missing cycles.
- Androgen signs (acne, excess hair, thinning hair) or high levels.
- Polycystic-looking ovaries on ultrasound, or a high AMH in adults.
2 out of 3 is enough, once other causes are ruled out (thyroid, prolactin…).
The steps
- A first appointment: GP, gynecologist or midwife.
- The tests: blood test, sometimes an ultrasound.
- A second appointment for the results and next steps.
Why it takes so long
The signs are varied and often seen one by one: acne at the dermatologist, cycles at the gynecologist. Almost half of women see at least 3 health professionals before getting an answer.
How to come prepared
- Your period dates over several months.
- A list of your signs, and since when.
- What you've already tried.
- Your questions, written down.
Frequently asked questions
Who can diagnose PCOS?
Your GP, a gynecologist or an endocrinologist. A midwife can point you in the right direction.
Can PCOS be diagnosed at 16?
In teens, doctors are more careful: irregular cycles are common in the first years, and ultrasound isn't used. They sometimes talk about being at risk of PCOS, with follow-up.
Sources
- Teede et al., Recommendations from the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of PCOS, Human Reproduction, 2023
- Monash University, 2023 International PCOS Guideline
- World Health Organization, PCOS fact sheet
- Inserm, Syndrome des ovaires polykystiques (SOPK)
- NHS, Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Gibson-Helm et al., Delayed Diagnosis and a Lack of Information Associated With Dissatisfaction in Women With PCOS, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2017
This guide informs; it does not diagnose and does not replace medical advice. Information from the international PCOS guidelines (2023) and the WHO.